Sulphur/Sulfur (S)
General Properties
| Symbol | S |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 16 |
| Atomic Weight | 32.065 |
| Group |
16 (oxygen family)
VIB (IUPAC), VIA (CAS)
Solid, Diamagnetic, Insulator, Stable, Natural, Nonmetal
|
| Period | 3 |
| Block | p |
Physical Properties
| Density | 2.07 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 15.5 cm3/mole |
| Atomic Radius | 1.27 angstroms |
| Covalent Radius | 102 pm |
| Crust Abundance | 0.042% |
| Crystal Structure | Orthorhombic |
| Color | Yellow |
States
| Melting Point | 112.8 °C |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 444.7 °C |
| Heat of Fusion | 1.73 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 10.0 kJ/mol |
Energy
| Electronegativity | 2.6 (Pauling Scale) |
|---|---|
| Electron Affinity | 200 kJ/mol |
| 1st Ionization Energy | 1005 kJ/mol |
| 2nd Ionization Energy | 2252 kJ/mol |
| 3rd Ionization Energy | 3357 kJ/mol |
| 4th Ionization Energy | 4556 kJ/mol |
| 5th Ionization Energy | 7004.3 kJ/mol |
| 6th Ionization Energy | 8495.8 kJ/mol |
| 7th Ionization Energy | 27107 kJ/mol |
| 8th Ionization Energy | 31719 kJ/mol |
| 9th Ionization Energy | 36621 kJ/mol |
| 10th Ionization Energy | 43177 kJ/mol |
| 11th Ionization Energy | 48710 kJ/mol |
| 12th Ionization Energy | 54460 kJ/mol |
| 13th Ionization Energy | 62930 kJ/mol |
| 14th Ionization Energy | 68216 kJ/mol |
| 15th Ionization Energy | 311048 kJ/mol |
| 16th Ionization Energy | 337138 kJ/mol |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.71 J g−1 K−1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.269 W·m−1·K−1 |
Electrons & Oxidation
| Oxidation States | -2 |
|---|---|
| Electrons Per Shell | 2 8 6 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p4 |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 | |
|
Orbital Diagram
1s ↿⇂ 2s ↿⇂ 2p ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ 3s ↿⇂ 3p ↿⇂ ↿ ↿ 3d |
|
Nuclear
| Radioactive | No |
|---|
Media
- Description
- Tasteless, odorless, pale yellow, brittle solid. Tenth most abundant element in the universe.
- Uses
- Used in matches, gunpowder, medicines, rubber and pesticides, dyes and insecticides. Also for making sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
- Sources
- Found in pure form and in ores like cinnabar, galena, sphalerite and stibnite. Pure form is obtained from undergound deposits by the Frasch process.
- Pronounciation (English)
- SUL-fer
Translations
| Afrikaans | Swael | |
| Aragonese | Ixufre | |
| العربية | كبريت | |
| Armãneashte | Sulfure | |
| asturianu | Azufre | |
| azərbaycan dili | Kükürd | |
| български | Сяра | |
| বাংলা | সালফার | |
| brezhoneg | Sulfur, Soufr | |
| bosanski | Sumpor | |
| Byelorussian | Сера | |
| Cebuano | Asufre | |
| čeština | Síra | |
| Chuvash | Кӳкĕрт | |
| Cymraeg | Sofre | |
| dansk | Svovl | |
| Deutsch | Schwefel | |
| Ελληνικά | Θειο | |
| English | Sulphur/Sulfur | |
| esperanto | Sulfuro | |
| español | Azufre | |
| eesti | Väävel | |
| euskara | Sufrea | |
| فارسی | گوگرد | |
| suomi | Rikki | |
| føroyskt | Svávul, Brennisteinur | |
| français | Soufre | |
| furlan | Solfar | |
| West-Frysk | Swevel | |
| Gaeilge | Sulfar, ²Grumastal (Grunnastal, Ruibh) | |
| Gàidhlig | Sulfar | |
| galego | Xofre | |
| ગુજરાતી | સલ્ફરનો | |
| Gaelg | Sulfur | |
| Hakka Chinese | Liù-vòng | |
| עברית | גופרית | |
| हिन्दी | गन्धक | |
| hrvatski | Sumpor | |
| magyar | Kén | |
| հայերեն | Ծծումբ | |
| Indonesia | Belerang | |
| íslenska | Brennisteinn | |
| italiano | Zolfo | |
| 日本語 | 硫黄 | |
| ქართული | გოგირდი | |
| کٲشُر | Sarka | |
| қазақ тілі | Күкірт | |
| 한국어 | 황 | |
| Kurdish | Kukurd | |
| Komi | Тэг | |
| kernewek | Sulfor | |
| кыргызча | -- | |
| Latin | Sulphurium | |
| Lëtzebuergesch | Schwiewel | |
| Lombard | Zuulf | |
| lingála | Sufa | |
| lietuvių | Siera | |
| latviešu | Sērs | |
| Mari | Киш | |
| Maori | Pungatara | |
| македонски | Сулфур | |
| മലയാളം | ഗന്ധകം | |
| монгол | Хүхэр | |
| Мокшан | Кандур | |
| Bahasa Melayu | Sulfur, ²Belerang | |
| Malti | Kubrit, ²Żolfu | |
| Nahuatl | Tlequiquiztlālli | |
| Nederlands | Zwavel | |
| norsk | Svovel | |
| Occitan | Sofre | |
| ирон | Сондон | |
| polski | Siarka | |
| português | Enxofre | |
| Runasimi | Salina, ²Salliy | |
| română | Sulf | |
| русский | Сера | |
| slovenčina | Síra | |
| slovenščina | Žveplo | |
| Samoan | Sulfimi | |
| Samogitian | Siera | |
| shqip | Sulfur, ²Squfuri | |
| српски | Сумпор | |
| Southern Sotho | Sebabole | |
| svenska | Svavel | |
| Kiswahili | Sulfuri, ²Kibiriti | |
| தமிழ் | கந்தகம் | |
| Tajik | Сулфур | |
| ไทย | กำมะถัน | |
| Türkçe | Kükürt | |
| ئۇيغۇرچە | گۈڭگۈرت | |
| українська | Сірка | |
| o‘zbek | Oltingugurt | |
| Tiếng Việt | Lưu huỳnh | |
| Võro | Väävli | |
| 中文 | 硫 |
History
- Discovered In
- Discovered By
- Discovered At
- Word Origin
- From the Sanskrit word "sulvere" meaning "sulphur"; also from the Latin word "sulphurium" meaning "sulphur"